I am going to ask Richard Adams something. First of all tell us your name. Also your father and your mother’s name too. My name is Richard Adams. My mother’s was Myrtle. And my father was Leo Adams.
When you were a child living at home, you must have played something. What did you play?
I didn’t play very much. We were working. And so, after they had planted the big corn fields, I worked with them there. And, I was just about six years old. I used to work there. And there were fields and gardens. I used to live there with my grandfather. When he was working, I worked with him. As for playing, I made the play area and toys myself. When I was a child, I used to make wagons. And I played with those. And when we were chopping wood, I carried it home. I was sort of playing but working, too. (Eveline: mmhuh/acknowledgment)
And that’s the way it used to be. In addition, I went to school. When I started going, I always used to play ball. That was how I went through.
Mmhuh (acknowledgment) Where did you live?
The town is LeFlore, and the bigger town is Talihina. Talihina is toward the south, about fifteen miles. The nearest town is Chisha Homma, as the Choctaws say. But the Caucasians say Red Oak, I live near there. That was what the government alloted us.
The bigger town is Talihina, you said; doesn’t Talihina mean something? What does it mean?
The railroad used to go through the town of LeFlore. There were two itinerant trains. It passed through in the morning; and then again, at nightfall it returned going toward Ft. Smith. And so Talihina, the Caucasians say iron, tυli. Hina is road. And so railroad, they used to call it Tυli∙hina (iron road).
When you were a child and what you see today, what do you think is so different?
What I see now is the Choctaw children now do not work outside. But rather inside; they work inside and so that is different. As for us, we used to always work. Everything– whatever we would eat and if the room was to be warm then we chopped the wood ourselves. And kill the hogs, too. If it was to be killed, then they killed it. And after it was prepared, it was canned.
They used to can corn and beans and whatever was produced. They finished canning them and we ate them in the winter. And so we used to work all the time. Those of us in the household all worked. Although the children today do not. Because they just watch television, they don’t know how to work very well. And so when they’re going to work they don’t know how to work very well. And some of them don’t want to work. And that was what I saw. And I used to tell my children. They used to lie around saying “I want a car.” (laughs) And so, I used to tell them if you want a car then you go to work and then get whatever you want. And so they know that.
Although sometimes he does need help. And so I help him, sometimes. And when he married, he doesn’t ask me for things now. If they want anything, they just work for it themselves.
And so some of them do that too. But some of them even when they finish college they don’t get good paying jobs. They just give them something. They work hard at anything even when it doesn’t pay well, they keep working. What I see is that some of them even when they finish college, they want to keep going. Therefore they get good jobs. Also, I see that it seems the pay is good. And so that is different, too. However, at one time there weren’t any of those things.
And so, we worked for it ourselves, I used to see that.
Mmhuh. One more thing I ask is did you speak Choctaw when you were a child?
Choctaw was all I spoke. Since they spoke only Choctaw. My grandfather, my grandmother, my uncle, and aunt we all lived near one another. And so when we went visiting whoever’s home we went to, they spoke only Choctaw. And so I knew Choctaw when I started school then I began to learn English from then on. And you said you were going to talk about hunting, tell us.
We used to go to school. Monday through Friday, then Saturday we didn’t do anything and so we used to want to hunt. By then I was older. And my cousins were married and they had young boys. Because they were children, they wanted to hunt with us. And so one time there were camp houses at the Thessalonian Church. And so we arrived there and on to the river nearby.
And there were a lot of rabbits and squirrels there. And so that was where we went hunting.
And we went around there. And when we started back we had about sixteen squirrels and rabbits we had killed; and we brought them back to camp, and then skinned, prepared and fried them.
My nephew liked to fry them. And so he finished frying them. And when we were about to eat, our cousin was coming down the road driving a car and then he flipped it over. And so, we went there and turned it back over for him and he left. And then we returned to camp. When we returned we were going to eat but there were dogs and they had eaten it all up. My nephew got mad and took the gun and was shooting them. And sometimes we would tell that and laugh.
That’s all.
And then you said you used to skin squirrels. Since there are different ways to clean squirrels, tell those (skinning squirrels).
I used to know the Choctaw word but I forget.
“Okshunohchi.”
“Okshunnulih, okshunohchi, okshunnulih, mako.”
Singe.
Yes, I was trying to think of that.
They used to singe it. Some of them skin it. As for skinning…(Rebecca interjects, burn) what is that?
Burn. Yes.
Or begin toward the tail?
…some start at the tail. Some in the center; they cut it in the center and…;
In the stomach?
No, yeah.
The back?
They do the back and then finish skinning and cutting it. They cut it up and rub some things on it and fry it. And if it was going to be singed, my mother used to do that on the stove. She cooked there on the stove. Or she cooked in the kitchen.
Mmhuh. (acknowledge)
She built a fire in the stove and singed it there and used to boil it. When she finished boiling it, we all ate the juice together. The corn bread mixed with (together with, together with…how do you say that?) not poured in, just eaten together. And that used to taste good. And sometimes it was skinned and boiled. Fry it.
Dumplings too.
She used to do the dumplings, too. Then mush, if you know that she fixed that together and we all ate it together.
It seems like it would be tasty. (laughter)
It tasted good.
Did you eat it together with corn bread and sour corn bread?
Yeah, yes, she fixed that too; anything. If there were going to be meat, they used to kill rabbits and deer. Hog too, if they were going to kill a hog.
Is there anything you want to ask him?
I can ask something. Bob Ludlow is my name. You said you worked in a field, which did you work with a mule or a horse? Or both, a mule?
My father used to work with mules. Two of them. He worked them and they pulled the wagons, too.
I used to know this but I have forgotten and I’m going to ask you. They used to say “Gee!” “Haw!”
Yes.
Which way would he go on “Gee?” Left or right? Have you forgotten too? (laughs)
To say “Gee!” is right.
Right? Okay.
Yeah. As for “Haw!” it’s left. And, they say “Whoa!” They say stop.
I never knew.
Sometimes I have thought about it and so I asked. I had forgotten it, too.
Yeah the mules are hooked up to the wagon. And some harness it up and wherever we were going, if we were going to church, they put in all the quilts then we used to go. We would go and stay there sometimes two or three days. We used to go even if it was a great distance. We would go in the morning and all day, arriving in the evening. When that happens the campers are there cooking so they provide all the food. And they provided everything. Even so we also helped and worked. I used to work with them. Whenever they arrived at different churches, they helped one another and they had church. When they had church, there was no English. It was always just Choctaw. The preacher spoke only Choctaw. They did all the hymns and prayers in Choctaw only. And so sometimes the church participants want to do that. And so they are learning Choctaw. While we are learning the language, they also want to do that. And so some of them don’t understand the difference, how the language is different. And so they ask about that.
And so that is usually what I explain, how the language is different.
Paula.
I am Paula Wilson Carney. The car you mentioned, what model car was your cousin driving when that happened? There used to be a lot of Model T Ford’s. What was he driving, the one he turned over?
Oh. That one was new, too, but small. Some of the cars were small. It was like that, he was driving. He was my brother’s step child. Her son was just now beginning to learn and he was looking in the mirror. And so (group laughter) he forgot and it went off the road into the ditch and turned over, but no one got hurt.
Any others?
I am Rhoda Anderson. When you camped at the church, did they smoke the beef at the camp house? When it was to be dried, they put it on top of the camp house to dry. Did you used to do that?
What I saw was when they were going to camp, they killed it first. They used to kill the cow and prepare it at home and then took it there. And so what I saw, too, was the smokehouse.
Mmhuh (acknowledgment)
There they finished rubbing it with salt and they hung it up. It was there, the smoke house that it was smoked. I was small then and so I don’t know how they did it. But I used to see it standing there as they worked. And so the cow, perhaps, they did that too. When they were camping, they laid them on top that way. But I have not seen it.
As for us, we did see that. Although, when they did that, when they were going to dry meat; however, how did the flies (what is it?) not eat on it? They didn’t touch any of those meats?
Spoil it?
That is what I think.
That was what we used to do.
Salt, it was salt they rubbed. Don’t you say roast? When you finish preparing it the flies and such won’t bother it.
That is why there was a lot of salt.
A lot of salt. Then, even the bugs won’t get near it.
I have learned something new. (laughs)
Also, I am Henry Willis. Sometimes when they were preserving something it was smoked dry. The same, it’s the same. When it is set upon the house top, it is the same. It is rubbed with salt and placed on top. When you eat it, some of them are pretty salty. And so when you boil it again it turns…
Yes, remove it.
Yeah, the Caucasians call the drying, dehydration. In place of that, some also can (or preserve) it.
That is different, preserving it. You didn’t pay close attention to how they canned it?
No.
Perhaps, from what you were saying. Just like anything different, you don’t pay attention to, it’s the same. Sometimes they just boil it. They boil something and put it into a jar and tightened it and put it inside hot water and cover it and. Today it’s the same way, I believe. And so, that is what I usually see them do.
Any others?
I am Rebecca Nahwooksy. When you were a child and you were going to eat, did you have a certain time? Did you have it in the morning, noon and all? If so then, what I will ask is when the children were going to eat (what is it?) were they happy? For eating breakfast (what is it?) today the Caucasians say pancake. A long time ago they used to say hot cake.
Did you eat that, when your Mama fixed it?
Yeah, sometimes, when we were going to eat we all came and sat at the table. And then, Grandfather would have to finish praying before we would eat. And he did it for breakfast.
And he did that for lunch. And then he did that for dinner when we all sat down.
We used to eat when he finished praying. They would cook in the morning and at noon and in the evening, too. They used to cook three times daily. And when I was at home, there would be workers as well as visitors around. And sometimes there would be about six visitors staying at the house. The workers stayed there working in the field and chopping wood. They cooked for all of them. And Grandfather let stay whoever arrived there. As for them we would eat together.
When it was time to sleep, they put their bedding under the tree and slept there.
And so, I have seen that. That continued until I was ten years old, when I went away. That was ’62. That was when I finished school and left. And so I returned and — then to the home place. It was then that eating habits began to change. Eating together was gone because some of them worked. Also they left early in the morning. And my grandfather was gone, possibly. And the traditional families were gone. It was disappearing, now, it’s gone now.
It’s true.
Any others?
I want to ask you one more time. I am Henry Willis. Sometime, when camping they bake bread differently. Sometimes they fried some of it. They make unleavened bread and flattened it…
Mmhuh. (acknowledgement) …bake it. And sometimes, if they had a cook stove, they placed it on top and baked it. And so sometimes the younger ones aren’t interested in that. That was a long time ago, they say. And so I guess we are traditionally removed from each other. Historically, have you sometimes thought back to when the old ones baked bread? And they wrapped it around a stick and hung it above a fire and cooked it. Another way was to place them on top of coals and bake it. They did the meat the same way.
As for me, I’m Abe Frazier. I am going to ask you something. You said you made things yourself to play with. Do you think you could teach it to the young ones today?
Yeah, I still remember how I used to make them. So, if they wanted to learn I can teach them.
I use to have a lot of little horses (laughter/meaning wooden horses).
What you were talking about…wagons… is very close to me. Even us, we used to do that when we went to church. If not, we walked. Sometimes two mules were harnessed to the wagon and we would get in and go about one mile. Mmhuh (acknowledgement) And so I know what you’re saying, what you’re talking about.
You envision it?
It seems like I can see it. (group laughter) And so it’s good that I hear that. That’s all.
Anyone else? If not…
I am Rebecca Nahwooksy. What he just asked you – when we were going to eat sweet bread (what is it?) we used to look for lion oil. Did you used to do that?
Lion oil? I haven’t heard that.
No?
No, what is it?
The white people say honey.
Bee? (group laughter)
Me too, I heard lion. Bee. I was wondering what she was saying. (laughter)
How do you say it? (laughter)
Bee. Bee. (laughter)
Honey, you know. (laughter)
I thought she was saying lion oil.
Talking about a lion.
She said lion, I thought she said lion, too.
Yeah. They used to look for honey. I don’t know how they searched for it.
But they used to say they were stealing it.
The honey you mentioned, wherever a tree was standing that had some inside it they chopped it down and split it open to steal it, some say. Mmhuh. (acknowledgement) They used to take it from there.
In the summer – I am Bob Ludlow. When it’s summer, you said honey, what is a bee?
(Group answers) “Foi.” Foi, okay. The bees look for water. When there is water if you watch it they will come and drink and return to its hive. If you had seen that you would learn where they lived. Then, they used to down that tree and get it.
Mmhuh. (acknowledgement)
Sometimes, they would be eating in a field…eating I say…where they are collecting something, follow them. Wherever it goes, the tree is in that direction.
Mmhuh. (acknowledgement)
Hunting, when you went hunting did you look for possums too?
Mmhuh. When my uncle and others went night hunting they would hunt for it.
Possums and skunks. (laughs) Raccoons, yeah. Those I do not eat. (laughter)
I didn’t ask that. (laughter)
They sold the hides didn’t they?
Yeah. Mmhuh. (acknowledgement)
What hides?
Raccoons, foxes.
You do not eat raccoons?
Possum. If the raccoon is prepared well, it is tasty.
Mmhuh. (acknowledgement) As for me, I can eat it. Any others? If not, that’s all. Thank you, we thank you.
Okay.
Richard Adams ako nana ipanaklo la chih. Tikba kano chi hohchifo ish pim anolik ma. Anonti chiki, chishki hohchifo aiena ka.
Sυ hohchifo υt Richard Adams. Sυshki toh Myrtle. Aki toh anonti Leo Adams.
Chi υlla kυt, chi chukka ish anta kυt, nana okano ish washoha bekυt tok a? Nanta ho ish washoha bekυt toh?
Washoha lih fehna kiyo beka toh. Toksυlish okla il asha. Atukosh okla osapa chito mako okla tanchi yomi hokchi tok ma mako (iba) iba toksυli lih. Anonti mυt afυmmi peh about six (Eveline: hannali), afυmmi hannali ona li mah. Mako toksυlish υtta lik bekυt to. Osapa anonti osapushi yomit aiasha atuko. Mako amafo ako abaianta lih billia beka tok. Mak osh toksυlish υtta ma iba toksυli li bekυt to. Atokosh anonti washoha yomi achik mano awashoha, isht washoha yomi kano anak inli hosh ikbi lih. Sυlla moma mυt peh iti chanυlliushi yomi ka ikbi li bekυt to. Micha mako isht washoha li. Mako anonti iti chanli yomi (ilυ) okla il ashak ma mako anonti shυt chukka isht υla li bekυt to. Mυt washoha chohmish υtta li okakosh mυt toksυli (Eveline: mmhuh. aknowledgment) Atuko mako yohmi bekυt to. Atokosh holisso apisa ia li. Ia lit isht ia lih mυto mano towa mako washoha li billia bekυt to. Ihosh ont hlopulli lit toh, mano.
Mmhuh (acknowledgment). Katomma ako ish υtta bieka tok o?
Tυmaha oshi mυt LeFlore, mυt tυmaha chito toh Talihina. Talihina ma, mυt oka mahli pila ma, peh about, mυt kowi auah tahlapi foka beka toh. Mako anonti bilikυt anonti tamahυt Chisha Homma achi Chahta toh. Amba Nahullo to Red Oak ma bilika mako υtta li. Mako government achi mυt mako pimυt toh mako.
Akma Talihina tυmaha chihto ish achi mυt Talihina mυt na miha ka? Nanta ho miha?
Talihina mυt tυmahushi, LeFlore, ma hlupulit aya bekυt tok. Mυt peni tuklo hosh aya. Onnahinli aya tukmυt anonti okhlilit taha chomik ma anonti ant falamυt Ft. Smith pila ho ia. Atuk osh Talihina mυt tυli mato, nahullo to iron achi. Hina to road. Atuko railroad mak okla hochefo bekυt to oklah, tυli hina.
Akmυt chi υllυt ish anta kυt, himaka ish pisak ma, nanta hosh itiminla fehna chim ahwa?
Pisa li ka, Chυt υlla asiha himonasi asha to kucha yomi atoksυli kiyo. Amba anuka, aboha anuka yomi atoksυli atukosh itiminla mano. Atosh pishnato e toksυli billia bekυt tok. Nana moma ka, il impa chi, anonti aboha yomit libesha chik ma anonti pishnak inli hosh iti chanli hosh il asha. Anonti shukha yomi υbi. äbi achik ma, mak mano anonti υbi. Anonti apoksiachit taiyahli tokma anonti uhlkachi (Eveline: okυchi) okυchi. Okυchi bekυt to tanchi, anonti tobi nana yohmi waya tok ma. Mako okυtchi taiyahli na, mυt hυshtola yomik mako, il aiimpa bekυt toh. Atuko anonti mano e toksυli billia bekυt toh. Chukka chυffa il asha moma kυt okla toksυli yomi. Amba himak nittak ano anonti υlla yomi kato yohmi kiyo. Peh holbυt toba mako oklah pisah atokosh peh nana toksυli ma ikhana fehna kiyo. Atuko anonti okla toksυlit ihlkolachik mυt anonti toksυlit ikhυna fehna kiyo. Yomi kυt, anont, anont kanimi kυt anonti toksυli bυnna kiyo oklasha. Atuko mako pisa li bekυt to. Atokosh anonti υm υlla no im anoli li bekυt to. Peh pit tonlυt peh “kaa sυ bυnna” achi bekυt to. (laughs) Atuko, kaa chi bυnnak mυt ishnak inlish ish toksυlik mυt nana mako chi bυnna mυt ish ishi na at imanoli bekυt to. Atuko mako mano ikhana. Atukosh kanimik mano apela bυnna akinli. Atuko apela li, mano, kanimik ma. Atuko itihalυlli mato himak no nana yomi apanaklo kiyo. Peh ilap akinlish okla toksυlit uh nana yomi bυnna tokmυt okla ishi yomish okla asha. Atosh kanimi kato yohmi akinli. Amba kanimi kυto peh holisso apisa yomi chito yomi hlopulli ohmak osh okla toksυli achukma ishi kiyo. Peh nana mako imah. Nana mako tuksυli achukmυt tuksυli, iskυli to chaha kiyo mako okla tuksυhali. Amba kanimi kυt anonti, pisa li ka anonti holisso apisa chaha ma hlopulli ohmak osh kanimi kυto ishυt mahaya bυnna. Ihosh tuksυli yomi achukma ishi. Anonit iskυli yomi kυt chaha yomi oklah atuksυli yomi oklasha aba mano pisa li. Atukosh itiminla akinli. Hokakosh anonti kanimik ma, anonti mano nana yohmi kυt iksho bekυt to. Atuko mako pishno akinli hosh e toksυli hatuko mako pisa beka toh.
Mmhuh. Achυffa moma panaklo li kυt, Chahta anumpa ish anumpuli bekυt tok o, chi υlla moma kυt?
Makυlla ho anumpuli li bekυt tok, Chahta. Chahta anumpa yo okla anumpuli hatuko. Amafo, anonti ampokni, amoshi, hokni moma kυt okla itibilika ho okla il asha. Hatuko okla itinowυt il ilhkoli yohmi mυt chukka kanomma il onak ma okla Chahta anumpa bieka ho okla anumpuli bekυt to. Atuko mako Chahta anumpa ikhana li hosh anonti holisso apisa isht ia chi mano mano nahullo yo mako hiket minti kano nahullo yo ikhanυt isht ia li toh.
Akmυt owυtta aiimma isht ish anumpula chish ish maka kash, pim anoli.
Holisso apisa yomi okla il ilhkoli bekυt to. Munti, Friti yomi ka ont tahlik mano, nittak nakfish mano nana e kanihmi kiyo hatuk osh owυtta bυnna bekυt to. Atuko anonti mano ossυnot tahli osh υtta li. Ihosh anonti akanohmi yomi kυt okla itihalυllit anonti υlla yomi kυt υlla nakni asihυt aiasha bekυt to. Mυt okla pi baowυtta bυnna υlla asiha atukosh. Atuko mako himona ma, mako aiitυnaha mυt Thessalonian achi mako okla binah hiohmaya. Hatuko mako il ona cha mako hiket bok υt bilika ma hikia. Atuko mako chukfi anonti fυni yomi kυt lawa. Atuko mako owυttυt il ilhkoli bekυt to. Atuk osh mako il ittυnohowa. Atuk osh falυmυt e minti chi mato peh auah hannali foka ho fυni, chukfi yomi ebi cha falυmυt isht, binah mako, isht ela cha anonti hluffit apoksiυt taiyalih cha anonti okla awashlih. Amalak makosh anonti awashli imachukma. Atukosh mak osh awashli taiyali. Micha il impa chi fokali ma anonti pi kanohmi mυt hina ma minti tosh anonti car mako isht aya tok osh filimmit toh mano. Atuko anonti mako anonti il iskoli micha ont ifilimmichit e tahli ma mato mintit toh. Ahma falυmυt anonti binah ma ela. Ela ma anonti il impa chi tuko anonti ofi mυt aiasha tuk achini hosh mυt (group laughter) apυt tahli tuk achinni. Amalak mak osh nukowa cha anonti tanampo mak ishi cha hossa hosh ahantυt to. (group: ohh, mumm) Atuko mako kanimik ma il anoli cha okla yukpash il aiasha bekυt tuk.
Makυlla.
Akma fυni ish hluffi bekυt tosh ish maka. Fυni kashoffi kυt itimilaiyuka hoka (Richard: yeah) mano anoli.
Chahta anumpa ma ikhυna li bieka tosh υmaksi.
Okshunohchi.
Okshunnulih, okshunohchi, okshunnulih, mako.
Anakshuwachi.
Ahah…I was trying to think of that.
Anakshuwachi bekυt toh. Kanimi kato okla hluffi. Hluffik mato… (Rebecca: hokmi.) nanta?
Hokmi.
Yeah.
Hasimbish pila isht ia cho?
… kanimi kato hasimbish ma hiket ia. Kanimi kato iklυnna ma anonti iklυnna ma bυshli cha anonti;
Itakobba mako?
No, yeah.
Nali?
Nali mako mihchi cha anonti hluffit tahlik mυt anonti bυshlit. Bυshlit taiyali cha nana yomi ka ahυmmit tahli cha anonti awashlih. Anonti anakshuwachi chik mano, mano sυshki makosh isht υtta bekυt toh, mato stove ma. Ahoponi, ahoponi mako.
Mmhuh. (acknowledgment)
Ahoponi mako luwak ikbit tahli cha mako anakshuwachit taiyali cha mano honni bekυt tuk. Honi, taiyalik mυt okchi mako anonti peh mako il itibaiimpa. Makosh tanchi pυska mako (itibai, itibai…nanta achi na ka?) ani kiyo, peh itibaiimpa. Mak okma mυt champuli bekυt toh. Anonti kanimik mato hluffit tahli cha honni yomi. Awashlih.
Walakshi yomi.
Walakshi yomi mihchi bekυt toh. Anonti ashila, mano ish ikhυnak ma, (Eveline: mmhuh. aknowledgment) mυt itibapoksiυt taiyahli na il itibaiimpa bekυt toh.
Champuli yaba. (laughter)
Champuli bekυt toh.
Tanchi pυlaska, tanchi hawashko yomi ish ibapa ma?
Yeah, mmhuh, mohmako (mak okmako) apoksia atuko nana mako. Nipi aiasha chik ma chukfi, anonti issi yomi okla υbit aiasha bekυt toh. Shukha yomi, shukha υbi chik ma.
Nana kia ipanaklo chi bυnna tok ka?
Na panaklo la hinna. Bob Ludlow sυ hohchifo. Osapa toksυli li ish achi kash, haksobish falaya cho issuba katimapo isht ish toksυli bekυt toh? Cho tatuklo, haksobish falaya?
Haksobish falaya mako aki makosh isht υtta bekυt toh. Tuklo ho. Mυt toksυlichi anonti itichanυlli yomi ka halυlli yomi ho.
Anonti pa ikhana li bekυt tok ash υm ihaksish chi panaklo la chi. “Gee!” “Haw!” achi beka chash.
Yes.
“Gee!” mato katimapo ia hina tok ka? Afabika cho isht impak imma? Chim ihaksi, ish nana kυt? (laughs)
“Gee!” achi chik ma isht impak imma.
Isht impak imma. Okay.
Yeah. “Haw!” υto afabika imma. Anonti, “Woah!” achi. (laughs) Yokopa, achi.
Ak ikhano chato.
Kanimik ma anukfilli li beka tuk osh panaklo li. ämihaksi tuk achinni ma.
Yeah, iti chanυlli yomi ka haksobish falaya mako itichapυlichi. Anonti kanimi ato shapolichit tahli na kanoma il iskolachik mυt, tυnaha yomi iskola chik mυt anonti anchi yomi ka apitυt taiyahli na mako il ihlkoli bekυt toh. Mυt ont il aiasha na nittak tuchina kanimik ma, tuklo yomi.
Yomi ho hopaki ohmako il ihlkoli bekυt toh. Mυt nahinli ihlkoli tuk mυt shobik ma, shobik mak anot il ona. Yohmik ma okla binachi asiha toh, okla mυt hoponish okla asha atukosh mυt impa no atahli moma ka. Atuko nana moma atahli bekυt toh. Hokakosh anonti pishnυt anot il apela anonti toksυli yomi ka. Yomi itibatoksυli bekυt toh. Tυnaha ittimilayoka kanomma aionak mυt okla (itiba) itibapela na okla aiittυnaha. Tυnahak mυt nahullo, nahullo anumpυt iksho. Peh Chahta beka bekυt toh. Mυt anumpa tosholi mυt makυlla ho anumpuli Chahta. Anonti talowa, anumpa ilbυsha moma kυt okla Chahta bieka ho okla isht aiasha bekυt toh. Atuko kanimik ma okla tυnaha asihυt okla mako yamihchi bυnna, okla. Atosh okla mako Chahta yomi ka okla ikhυna. Anumpa yomi ikhυna il aiashak ma, okla mak mυt isht aiasha bυnna. Atukosh kanimi kato kanimi hosh ittiminla, anumpυt ittiminla ka, ik ikhano anonti mako. Atuko mak anonti okla panaklo. Atuko mako im anot taiyali li bekυt toh kanimish anumpυt ittiminla ka.
Paula.
Paula Wilson Carney siah. Kaa ish achi kash, ilυmmυt chi kanohmi mυt nanta toba ho kaa mυt yohmit toh? Model T Ford yomit lawa bekυt tok oka. Mato nanta isht aya toh, mato, filimmi kυt?
Oh. Mato himonsa akinli hokakosh chipunta. Kanimik ato kaa yomi kυt chipunta. Yomi ho isht aya hosh. Mυt anakfi mako imohoyo mako imυlla. Imυlla mak osh himo ikhanυt isht ia hosh aya hosh apisa mako pisash binilit toh. Atuk osh (group laughter) mano imaksi na hina ma kulokbi ma ont chukowυt filimmυt toh. Okla hotupa kiyo akinli toh.
Inla kato?
Rhoda Anderson siah. Aiitυnaha ont hυsh binachik ma abinachi ya nipi shilachit, wak nipi yυmma? Shilachi chik ma abinachi pakna ma okla nipi ma bohlit on shilachi. Hυsh yυmihchi bekυt toko?
Pisa li kano okla binachi chik ma okla tikba υbit. Wak yomi kano υbi micha ichukka akinli ho apoksiachit tahli cha okla isht onachi bekυt toh, okla. Atuko pisa li kano anonti chukka ashobohli achi…
mmhuh (aknowledgment.)
…mako okla hapi yomi ka ahυmmichit taiyahli cha okla takohlichi. Atokma, mako anonti shobohlichi mako shobohlichi. Mano sυskitini moma hatuk osh kanimi hosh mihchi bekυt tok ano ak ithano. Hokakosh mυt peh hikiya ho pisa li bekυt toh hotoksυli asha ka. Atukosh wak mohmako yamihchi bekυt tok kasha. Binachit okla asha mυt okla pakna ma okla bohli yomi.
Mano pisa li kiyo, amba.
Yυmma hυpishnato okla, pisa akinli toh. Hoka yυmmihchik ma, nipi shila cha chik ma; kia chukani to mυt katihmi hosh, katit chukani no, (nanta ka?) ik aiimpo? Ik apotolo, nipi yomika?
Okpanichi?
Mako anukfilli li chato.
Mato e mihchi bekυt toh.
Hapi, hapi mako aposhlichi. Aposhlichit achi ka? Yυmihchit tahli ma chukani yomi kυt isht υtta yo kiyo (hiokiyo) toh.
Mak okakosh hapi lawa bekυt toka, akma?
Hapi lawa. Akma, shushi ohmakosh bilinka yo kiyo.
Nana himona ikhana li. (laughs)
Anonti, Henry Willis siah. Kanikma nana il atoba mυt shobohlichit shilili. Mak inli, mak ashinli.
Chukka apakna talalik mυt mak ashinli. Hapi ahυmmichit tahli cha υba kahpuli tok ma. Ish’pak ma hapi lawa chohmi kanimi kυt. Atuko falυmmit honnik mυt falυmυt…
Yeah, kuchaweli.
Yeah, nahullo toh, shilili ma, dehydration achi ma. Mako mak okako υlhtomba ho kanimi kυt anonti ulhkυchi achi. Mash inla, il atomba. Ish apisachi fehna kiyo tok a, kanimihchish ulhkυchi ka?
Hah a.
Nana ish maka ka. Peh nana inla ka yohmi chik ano tuk a makash inli. Peh kanimik mυt honi. Nana honit tahli cha katoba υni tah cha katanchit tahli cha oka anuka lυshpa ani cha ompohomo cha. Himak nittak a yohmi moma sυ yimmi. Atuko mako miechi pisa lih chato.
Inla kato?
Rebecca Nahwooksy siah. älla moma kυt, ish impa chik mυt shikanυllit chim asha be’t toh chishnυt? Onnahinli, tabokoli, moyomυt chim asha be’t toh? Akma anonti, chi panaklo li chi kυt anonti υlla atukmυt impa chik ma (nanta ka?) mak osh il impa chik mυt e na yukpa be’t toh.
Onnahinli il impa chik ma (nanta ka?) himak no nahullo achik mυt pancake achi. Mano hopaki no hot cake ako okla achi be’t toh.
Mako chishnato ishpa bekυt toh, chi Mama antta mυt mokmυt ma yomi aiaska ma?
Yeah, kanimik ma okla, okla il impa chik mano okla moma hosh okla aiimpa ma okla e binoht taiyaha. Mak anonti Amafo mak osh anonti anumpa ilbυsha yomi anumpulit taiyalik mako il impa bekυt toh, mano. Atukosh mυt onnahinli impa asiha yomi ka yυmihchik mυt. Anonti tabokoli impa chik ma anonti yυmihchi. Anonti okhlilit taha impa chik ma anonti okla momυt okla e binoht e taiyahak mako. Anonti anumpulit tahlik mako anonti okla il impa mυt yohmi bekυt toh. Mυt hoponit okla, okla, ashak mυt onnahinli hoponi anonti tabokoli, anonti okhlilit taha yomi ka. Tuchina ho hoponi bekυt toh, okla mυt nittak okma. Anonti chukka υtta li mano anonti okla atuksυlit okla yomi, nowa yomi kυt tanowa bekυt toh. Atokosh anonti kanimik ma nowυt tanowυt okla kanimik ma peh hannali fokash okla chukka ma aiasha. Mυt pi tuksυli mυt osapa ma tuksυli anonti okla iti chanli yomi tuksυli yomish okla asha atuko. Ma moma ka ihoponit ipeta bekυt toh, mυt. Atuko, Amafo mato kana, kanυt onak ma mato im issa, mato.
Mano okla il itibaimpa chi. Anusi achik mano anonti iti nuta ma (okla) okla topa ma helichi cha okla nusish okla asha bekυt toh. Anonti atuko mano pisa li ka. Mυt yohomi na mυt afυmmi pokoli, mυt kania lit toh. Mυt pokoli hannali akucha tuklo ma. Mako holisso apisa sopulli lih mυt mano kania lit toh. Atosh falυmmit υla li cha anonti mυt, aiasha bekυt toh osh. Anonti impa mυt ittiminlυt isht iυt toh mako. Okla itibaimpυt iksho kanimi kυt toksυli hatuko. Anonti onnahinli mυt kania yomik ma. Anonti Amafo mυt iksho matina (mυt-anah). Atuko okla ahlit okla chukka chυffa yomi mako yomih bekυt tok υt iksho. Ikshot mahayυt, himak no iksho, himak no.
Ahli.
Inla kato?
Himona moma na chi panaklo la chi. Henry Willis siah. Nana kanimik ma yomi binachit asha ma pυska inlachit hoponi. Kanik ma aiwashli. Pυska yυt shatυmi iksho yo ikbit tahli cha patassυlit…
mmhuh. (acknowledgement) …hoponi. Anonti kanik ma, nanta, ahoponit ihikia tok ma paknaka mak inli mako onboht apushli. Atuko, kanik ma himmithoa ahliha to mak fohka ona kiyo.
Hopaki achi. Hatuko okla il ihopaki chichu. Akma misha, misha no yohmi ish ahni tuk ka kanimik ma sipokni ahlihυt pυska apushli mυt. Anonti iti yo afohommichi cha luwak paknaka takohchi hicha mihchit hoponi. Kanihchi anonti tuksobi (tobaksi) apaknaka anonti bohlit apushli.
Nipi ma mak ashini bekυt toh.
Anak osh Abe Frazier. Nana chi panaklo la chi. Ilυmmυt chishnak inlish nana ish ikbi yohmi hosh ish washoha yohmi. Himak nittak a himmithoa yomi ka ish imabυcha na chim ahwa?
Yeah, kanit apoksia li bekυt υt tokυt ikhana li moma. Atukosh ikhυna bυnna ma ikhυnachi lina.
Subushit a lawa bekυt toh. (laughter)
Atukosh nana ish anumpuli υt iti chυnaha ish ahaya kash, peh achukka pit bilika ilummυt. Pishno ahmak osh yohmi bekυt toh, aiitυnaha il ia hokmυt. Kiyomυt akayash il ia. Kanik ma iti chυnaha ma issuba haksobish falaya tuklo ma ittatakchit taiyahli cha anonti iti chυnaha ma e chukowa cha kowi chυffa foka ho il ia bekυt toh.
mmhuh (aknowledgment.)
Atukosh nana ish anumpuli ka ithana li, ma ish maka ka.
Pit ish pisa?
Pit pi..sa li ahobυt kania. (group laughter) Atukosh achukma, ma haklo li ka. Makυlla.
Inla kato? Kiyok ma …
Rebecca Nahwooksy siah. Chikosi ka chi panaklo kash, paska champuli ma epa chik mυt (nanta ka?) koi bila achi ho e hoyo be’t toh. Chishnυt yohmi be’t toh?
Koi bila? Mano haklo li kiyo.
Kiyo ho?
Hah-a, nanta mato?
Nahullo to, honey achi.
Foi? (group laughter)
Ano ahma kosh ‘koi’ haklo li toh. Foi. Nanta ho maka ahni li toh. (laughter)
Nanta ish achi? (laughter)
Foi. Foi. (laughter)
Honey, you know. (laughter)
Koi bila ahaya amahwa toh.
Talking about a lion.
Lion achi, I thought she said ‘koi’ too.
Yeah. Mako foi bila ma okla hoyo bekυt toka. Mυt kanimish hoyo bekυt tok ano akithano. Okako okla hokopa bekυt toh okla achi bekυt toh.
Akma nana foi bila ish akash, okla kanimma itit hikiak ma ahltok ma okla chant akka pila cha pahlυlichit hokopa achi kanimi kυt.
mmhuh. (acknowledgement) Mako aiieshi bekυt toh.
Toffa ma, Bob Ludlow siah. Toffak ma foi bila ish achi kash, Bee υt nanta ka?
(Group/foi.)
Foi, okay. Foi mυt oka hoyosh aiasha. Akma oka talaya ma ish apisachik ma ant ishko cha falυmυt ichukka ia. Mako, mako ish pisa tukmυt kanomma asha ka ish ikhυna. Akma, mako okla iti ma akkachi cha ishi bekυt toh.
Mmhuh. (acknowledgement)
Kanik ma osapa kani impa aiasha tuk ma, impa alih, nana tahobish asha tuk ma ish iakayak ma.
Kanommak o pit iak ma, mak imma ho hikia, iti υt.
mmhuh. (acknowledgement)
Akma, owυtta, owυtta ish iak ma shukhυta ish hoyo akinlit tok o?
Mmhuh. Amoshi yomi kυt okla ninak okla owυtta chik mυt okla mako hoyo bekυt toh. Shukhυta, anonti konih yomi ka. (laughs) Shawi, yeah. Mak osh yomi kano υpa li kiyo. (laughter)
Mano panaklo li tuk kiyo. (laughter)
Hakshup mano kanchi tuk a?
Yeah. Mmhuh.
Nanta hakshup o?
Shawi, chulah.
Shawi ishpa kiyo ho?
Shukhυta.
Shawi no apoksia achukmak ma, champuli mυto.
Mmhuh. (acknowledgement) Apa linanak mυt. Inla kato? Kiyok ma, makυlla. Chi yakoke, chi yakoke hoke.
Ome.
